Friday, 31 October 2008

Tree Power 樹木發電締造真正綠色能源

by 狄高, extracted from the Hongkong Economic Journal 31.10.1008

tree power
image from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2008/trees-2-enlarged.html

tree power
image from http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2008/trees-1-enlarged.html

風力發電、太陽能發電、乙醇是新一代再生能源,嘗試以清潔能源取代石油、煤碳的高污染能源,我們努力尋找一種可以持續發展又環保的能源,這是我們對地球的責任。最新的研究發明是利用活生生的樹木來發電,如果成功的話,這就是真真正正的「綠色能源」。

研究樹木發電原不是為了解決現有的能源問題,而是為了監察山火計劃的一部分,這是美國林務署的一個研究計劃,方法是每一英畝區域範圍內的四棵樹上裝置無線感測器,探測環境溫度以檢定是否有山火的潛在風險,藉以提供更佳的火災預警。警報器更會透過無線網絡傳送訊息,一旦有警報,當局可以作出即時反應,問題是感應器需要電力推動才能運作,但在深山卻不能提供一個完善的電力網,如果利用太陽能發電,其地面面積過大又不符合環保原則,因此想出利用樹木來發電的新奇點子。

麻省理工學院的科學家找出樹木與地面存在電壓差的現象,在排除了諸如電磁輻射等可能性後,他們證實了一個十九世紀以來的理論:不同的酸鹼值(pH)值會產生電壓差。樹木內部與所栽植的土壤間的 pH 值不平衡,因此產生了電壓。研究人員指出每一刻度的 pH 值差異,會產生五十九毫伏的電壓。研究人員已成立了一間科技公司 Voltree Power,成功將數毫伏的樹電力提升到一伏特,足夠慢慢充飽一顆電池,並以無線電將感測器的數據傳送到網絡系統上。目前已經有一塊十英畝大小的「樹電」無線感測網絡在美國林務署的指示建成,準備在2009年春天進行現場測試。

透過這種技術,林業署人員便可以監測森林的實際情況,而電池則可以透過這些「電樹」來充電功能。樹木與其栽植土壤之間的電壓差,是由樹木本身的新陳代謝來維持,因此無論是白天晚上、春夏秋冬四季或是晴天下雨,都不受影響,這是大自然的自我調節機制,因此電池便在一個穩定的環境下充電,既安全亦環保。

現階段這種充電技術只能提供輕微電力能量,但從這技術方向發展,可以把森林發電發展成為一個「樹林發電廠」的構想,這樣絕對是一個極大的經濟誘因,有望帶來豐厚的利潤,於是促使我們種植更多樹木,而不是去砍伐樹木,這樣又多了一項環保貢獻。不過,樹林發電廠必須經過詳細的評估和規劃,因為投資者必定以利潤為先,尋找那些樹木是最具成本效益來發電,然後一窩峰地鎖定種植這種經濟效益高的樹木,這樣便會影響生態的平衡發展,造成另一個環境破壞的問題,最後變成好心做壞事。

*****

further reading -
Preventing forest fires with tree power
Sensor system runs on electricity generated by trees

by Elizabeth A. Thomson, MIT News Office 23.09.2008

Wednesday, 10 September 2008

green feeds . 10.09.2008

Sahara forest

Could it become a reality? Charlie Paton, Michael Pawlyn and Bill Watts propose to combine two innovative technologies, Concentrated Solar Power & Seawater Greenhouses, to produce renewable energy, water and food in one of the hottest places on earth. Read more about it here.

*****************

Cooper Union Student Eco initiative

Designers across the world: any opinion on the current trend of green design? See below or read more here -

[Please cut the questions bellow and paste them into a reply email to cooper.eco@gmail.com]

The U.S. Green Building Council defines 'green buildings' as structures that work “to significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and on the building occupants, green building design and construction practices address: sustainable site planning, safeguarding water and water efficiency, energy efficiency, conservation of materials and resources, and indoor environmental quality.”


1. Please describe your initial reaction to the term 'Green Design'.


2. What are your personal ideas of ‘green’ or ecologically minded design?


3. Are you at all skeptical about the aims of “green development” or the designation ‘green’?


4. Do you think there are ways in which ecologically minded design can impact fields other than construction? If so, how?


5. Do you think there should be a set of binding rules for new developments (regarding their environmental impact)? If so, what should they be?


6. Will green practices in the United States be enough to solve ecological problems, or is the help of other nations also required?

Wednesday, 27 August 2008

Green Design Festival . Athens

green design festival

Description extracted from http://www.flickr.com/people/greendesignfestival

The idea

Green Design Festival is an original, public, free cultural event under the aegis of the City of Athens. It aims at fostering a wider understanding about environmental and ecological issues amongst the citizens of Athens and beyond. Green Design Athens is produced by BRAINLAB FOUNDATION a non profit Greek Company. (www.brainlab.gr)

Using new technologies, powerful imagery and design, this festival will transform Athens into a lively, interactive space which will present proposals and ideas about how everyday life could be greener and more friendly to the environment.

Participants include over 70 architects, industrial designers, graphic designers, fashion and street artists, who have worked on the theme of the festival on projects who embrace the non-connoisseur.

Programme

The programme of the festival revolves around the ‘ecomuseum of green design’, a green contemporary open playground at Syntagma Square. The ecomuseum showcases the vast majority of projects in a light, alternative construction which will host exhibitions of photography, eco-conscious fashion, industrial design, video art and mixed media, a green library and a small open-air amphitheatre made of wooden re-used palettes for concerts and educational activities. Entrance is free.

In selected central points of Athens, two big events will be presented. With the participation of the most vibrant street artists of Athens, the center of the city will be turned into a colourful forest of huge graffiti trees. Also, distinguished graphic artists will create various interactive imaginary maps of the city, which can be freely downloaded to almost any mobile phone inviting the public to take part in a vast interactive green game.

During Green Design Festival, Athens will present it first vertical garden, embracing one of the most popular trends in landscape design internationally. Accordingly, guerrilla motion design videos will be upload on the web, inviting everyone to become a ‘guerrilla gardener’ of the city by creating green where it does not exist.



related links -
official youtube page of the festival
brainlab - agency for organising the festival
graphics collection for the festival in flickr

Wednesday, 13 August 2008

GreenPix - Zero Energy Media Wall

greenpix . beijing

Extracted from Arup's beijing projects website


In West Beijing, the city's thriving artist community has a new and unusual 'canvas' on which to experiment: the GreenPix - Zero Energy Media Wall, which is the largest colour light-emitting diode (LED) light wall in the world.

The GreenPix - Zero Energy Media Wall is a major new focus for the digital artist community. The futuristic LED lighting system is capable of displaying moving images on a screen made up of 2,000 individually programmable LED colour nodes.

The 60 meter by 33 meter laminated glass facade is designed with artistic potential in mind. It offers media and digital artists an almost infinite range of possibilities, lending itself particularly well to artistic interpretation.

This virtuoso feat of engineering and lighting design is also a striking example of energy efficiency, with photovoltaic arrays on the building capturing twice as much energy from the sun than the lighting facade consumes.

Like any new structure in Beijing, the facade has been engineered to comply with Beijing's seismic regulations, and is entirely self-supporting.

The Chinese contemporary art scene has experienced a major expansion in recent years, with many artists now competing in the international contemporary art commercial market. With significant Chinese art exhibitions taking place in Europe during 2008, Beijing has developed as a centre for world-class art.

The GreenPix - Zero Energy Media Wall will galvanise an energetic artistic community and produce a valued, ever-changing public work of art that becomes part of the everyday lives of residents.

-----

Further reading (with images & videos) -

Official website of Greenpix - http://www.greenpix.org/
Overview of Greenpix in Arup Beijing Projects web - http://www.arupinbeijing.com/arup_projects/green_pix/overview
Flickr pool of Greenpix - http://www.flickr.com/search/?ss=2&ct=5&w=all&q=greenpix&m=text
Youtube pool of Greenpix - http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=greenpix&search_type=

Friday, 1 August 2008

The next generation urban park - The High Line in New York

With more and more people in the world living in cities, how could we create a new type of sustainable urban environment that not only demolish old buildings and dissect neighbourhoods for new construction?

There may be an answer laid in the High Line in New York. It is an elevated rail network on bridges spanning 22 blocks and 1.45 miles long through three of Manhattan's most dynamic neighborhoods: Hell's Kitchen/Hudson Yards, West Chelsea, and the Gansevoort Market Historic District. The railway line was used to transport goods from one side of the city to the other without disturbing street level traffic but was gradually declined after the 1950s.

the high line

Since the mid 1980s, a group of private property owners who purchased land under the High Line at prices that reflected its easement have lobbied for demolition of the entire structure. Much credit for the fact that the High Line survived the demolition efforts in the mid- and late 1980s goes to Peter Obletz, a Chelsea resident, activist, and railroad enthusiast, who challenged demolition efforts in court and tried to reestablish rail service on the Line. In 1999 Friends of the High Line (FHL) was founded by Joshua David and Robert Hammond to advocate for the High Line's preservation and reuse as public open space.

the high line

A design competition was hold in 2003. The final proposal to be constructed is being designed by Field Operations (landscape architects) and Diller Scofidio + Renfro (architects). It would create a fabulous stripe of public open space travelling through building blocks at an elevated level in a scale never realised before in the world. Such dynamic creation would inject much vibrancy in the local life of the neighbourhoods, liven up streets and bring another green dimension to the city.

the high line

Below is a 6 minute documentary made by the Friends of the High Line offering an overview of High Line, its history, the movement to save it, and designs for its reuse. Directed and produced by John Zieman -



Finally there is something which makes me really want to visit New York. Looking back to Hongkong, while we have 2 gigantic vacant plots next to the harbour - the West Kowloon and the Kai Tak, have we ever thought about how we could plan these spaces so that they would become a generator for the surrounding neighbourhoods as well? And for other urban regeneration projects, being overseen by the Urban Renewal Authority, who has the vision to not just focus on separate plots but to create strategic linkages across the neighbourhood like the Central-Mid-Levels Escalator to bring in another dimension to the city fabric?

Even for the proclaimed success of the Central-Mid-Levels Escalator, is there anybody living in the area thinking on further evolution of the escalator? Perhaps we could have a Central-Mid-Levels Escalator 2.0, which could be either introducing green spaces on top / bottom of the existing escalator, or onstructing green skywalks similar to the High Line connecting the various levels of life?

Or look at the pedestrain footbridge networks we have around Central and Wanchai. Could the government actually co-operate with the developers of nearby commercial buildings to refurbish them and integrate green features and plants fully with the footbridge so we could have some fluid park spaces across the city where everybody could have a rest or enjoy their commute? This additional density of green would not cause any negative impact on the existing infrastructure, but instead further enhance the cityscape.

Further reading -

official website - http://www.thehighline.org
photo gallery - http://www.flickr.com/photos/friendsofthehighline
design competition entries - http://www.thehighline.org/competition
similar projects around the world - http://www.thehighline.org/about/similarprojects.html
central-mid-levels escalator - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central-Mid-Levels_escalators